ABSTRACT
Background: Following the outbreak of coronavirus and its impact on the educational process of medical students, attention was paid to e-learning due to the importance of education and research. The aim of the present study is an evaluation of virtual and actual education models on the learning of internal interns during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The present study is a trial that was performed on 112 internal interns of hospitals from January to December 2020. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of the actual or virtual educational model groups with personal consent. Educational method was case-based discussion in both groups. The learning outcomes of the interns of these two groups were compared in 9 areas with 95% confidence level and 5% random error. Data about age, sex, type of residence (home or dormitory), pre-internship score (≤150 or >150) and entrance exam rank (≤300 or >300) were collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Results: The mean ±SD age of the participants was 24.9±2.3 years, 46% of participants were men and 54% of them lived in dormitories. The results of the study show that the difference in pre-test and post-test scores with actual and virtual education models in the male and female is significantly different (p-value=0.020). Virtual education for men and actual education for women have resulted in higher difference scores in pre-test and post-test. Actual and virtual education models were not different in academic achievements of the participants. Thus, the scores obtained in 9 areas did not make a significant difference between the two types of educational models. Conclusion:The comparison of virtual and actual education demonstrated that there is no significant difference between these two methods in student output. Given the conditions that have been created by COVID-19 in the world, it seems that the use of virtual education can be a good alternative to educating medical students so that education does not stop. Copyright © 2023, Journal of Iranian Medical Council. All rights reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
ABSTRACT
Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease that causes a pandemic situation in the world. Coronavirus can enter into the body in several ways and it damages other organs of the body in addition to the respiratory system. This study aimed at verifying extra-pulmonary manifestation of COVID-19. Methods: The present study was conducted as cross-sectional in a single center from March 1 to May 1 2020 at Firoozgar educational Hospital in Tehran, Iran. 107 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia according to WHO interim guidance were recruited in this study. Extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 were recorded. SPSS version 26 was used for all the analyses. Results: The mean (SD) and the median age were 59.3 (17.4) and 62.0 years, respectively and 58 (54.2%) were men. Body temperature of the patients who were equal or less than 60 years was significantly higher than other patients (39.02 vs. 38.08°C, p=0001). The most common extra-pulmonary manifestation was GI symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatocellular Liver Function Test (LFT) abnormality, cholestatic LFT abnormality, and amylase lipase incensement [37 patients (34.6%]. Ophthalmological, cardiac, neurological and dermatological manifestations were shown in 6.5, 6.5, 14.9 and 14.0% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and radiological symptoms of COVID-19 showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may also be associated with extrapulmonary symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and radiologists should be familiar with such symptoms of the disease. Copyright © 2022, Journal of Iranian Medical Council. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Since March 2020, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a threat to global health. Several kinds of coronavirus-associated disorders, including vascular involvements with neurological symptoms, have been reported worldwide. Here, we describe two individuals with COVID-19 with no history of traumatic brain injury nor of vascular injuries, who developed spontaneous subdural haematoma in a subacute process. Both individuals became lethargic and unresponsive during admission in the intensive care unit. Both have undergone emergent craniotomy with acceptable outcome. The first patient improved significantly and was discharged a week after surgery. However, the second individual had no improvement on her consciousness and died 3 days after surgery. Haemorrhagic events, including subdural haematoma, can happen during COVID-19 infection with several possible mechanisms. Brain imaging and further neurological evaluation must be performed in any individuals with COVID-19 who show signs of alteration in their state of consciousness.